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Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange refers to a citrus tree (''Citrus'' × ''aurantium'') and its fruit. It is a hybrid between ''Citrus maxima'' (pomelo) and ''Citrus reticulata'' (mandarin).〔"Plant Profile for Citrus ×aurantium L. (pro sp.), http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CIAU8〕 Many varieties of bitter orange are used for their essential oil, and are found in perfume, used as a flavoring or as a solvent. The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade. Bitter orange is also employed in herbal medicine as a stimulant and appetite suppressant, due to its active ingredient, synephrine.〔 Bitter orange supplements have been linked to a number of serious side effects and deaths, and consumer groups advocate that people avoid using the fruit medically.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = Consumer Reports Magazine )〕 ==Varieties== *''Citrus × aurantium'' subsp. ''amara'' is a spiny evergreen tree native to southern Vietnam, but widely cultivated. It is used as grafting stock for citrus trees, in marmalade, and in liqueur such as triple sec, Grand Marnier and Curaçao. It is also cultivated for the essential oil expressed from the fruit, and for neroli oil and orange flower water, which are distilled from the flowers. *Seville orange (or ''bigarade'') is a widely known, particularly tart orange which is now grown throughout the Mediterranean region. It has a thick, dimpled skin, and is prized for making marmalade, being higher in pectin than the sweet orange, and therefore giving a better set and a higher yield. It is also used in compotes and for orange-flavored liqueurs. Once a year, oranges of this variety are collected from trees in Seville and shipped to Britain to be used in marmalade.〔(Campaña de recogida de la naranja amarga. ) sevilla.org.〕 However, the fruit is rarely consumed locally in Andalusia.〔(Apenas se aprovechará la naranja que se recoja en la capital este año. ) 20minutos.es.〕 *Chinotto, from the myrtle-leaved orange tree, ''C. aurantium'' var. ''myrtifolia'', is used for the namesake Italian soda beverage.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cadbury Schweppes Reigns Supreme Over Orange Soda Market )〕 This is sometimes considered a separate species. *Daidai, ''C. aurantium'' var. ''daidai'', is used in Chinese medicine and Japanese New Year celebrations. The aromatic flowers are added to tea.〔(''C. aurantium''. ) Purdue Horticulture.〕 *Wild Florida sour orange is found near small streams in generally secluded and wooded parts of Florida and The Bahamas. It was introduced to the area from Spain.〔 *Bergamot orange is probably a bitter orange and limetta hybrid; it is cultivated in Italy for the production of bergamot oil, a component of many brands of perfume and tea, especially Earl Grey tea. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bitter orange」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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